What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis in your reports

Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a DEXA bone density scan. MedlinePlus lists a T-score of -2.5 or lower as probable osteoporosis. Your doctor may also check blood calcium and vitamin D.

Why osteoporosis matters

Many women learn they have it only after a fracture, sometimes from a minor fall or even from bending or coughing.

Spine fractures can cause:

• back pain
• loss of height
• a stooped posture

Women are affected more than men, especially after menopause, when low oestrogen speeds up bone loss, and it is more common in Asian women. Other things raise the risk too:

• a small body frame
• family history
• low calcium, vitamin D or protein
• inactivity
• smoking and heavy drinking
• some long-term medicines

What helps with osteoporosis

Eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D: milk, dahi, paneer, ragi, til and green leafy vegetables, plus eggs or fish if you eat them. Get enough protein from dal, chana, paneer or eggs.

Daily habits:

• Regular weight-bearing exercise like walking helps, along with strength and balance work.
• Don't smoke and keep alcohol low.
• Follow any treatment your doctor prescribes.
• Good lighting and no loose rugs at home lower your chance of a fall.